Shingles are one of the most common roofing materials, providing durability and protection for homes. They are made from a variety of materials, each offering distinct benefits. The most popular types of shingles include asphalt, metal, wood, slate, and composite. Asphalt shingles, for example, are constructed from a mixture of fiberglass or organic matting, coated with asphalt, and topped with mineral granules for added durability. Metal shingles, often made from aluminum or steel, offer long-lasting resilience. Understanding the materials shingles are made of can help homeowners make informed decisions when it comes to roofing their homes.
Asphalt Leads the Market
Asphalt shingles are the most popular roofing material across North America and are widely used globally. Despite variations in color or style, the production process is consistent. They are made using a few essential raw materials through a continuous web process. The core components include a fiberglass or organic mat, coated with asphalt for durability and waterproofing. Mineral granules are added on top for UV protection and to give the roof their distinct color. These raw materials come together to form a durable, cost-effective roofing solution that has made asphalt shingles a top choice for homeowners and builders worldwide
1. Fiberglass
The manufacturing process begins with a continuous web or sheet that serves as the base for asphalt and other materials.
A thin fiberglass mat strengthens asphalt shingles. Manufacturers craft this mat from glass fibers cut to precise lengths and diameters, binding them with resins and binders. They produce these fiberglass mats in large rolls at the mill, and then unwind them at the beginning of the asphalt shingle production process. This foundational layer ensures durability and strength in the final roofing product, providing the necessary reinforcement for long-lasting performance.
2. Asphalt
Asphalt serves as the key water-resistant element in shingles. It’s a byproduct of oil refining and, while similar to road asphalt, it is processed to be much tougher for shingle durability. The roofing asphalt undergoes an “oxidation” process, where air is blown through the hot asphalt to increase its viscosity. This step requires precision—too much air makes the shingles brittle, while too little results in softness and scuffing in hot weather. To enhance weather and fire resistance, manufacturers mix a fine mineral powder into the asphalt. They then apply this fortified coating to both the top and bottom of the fiberglass mat.
3. Granules
The most noticeable feature of asphalt roofing shingles is the stone granule surface. Hard rock, chosen for its specific physical properties, is crushed and screened to meet precise size standards. On the part of the shingle that isn’t visible, the granules remain in their natural stone color. For the exposed areas, the granules are treated with ceramic firing to create long-lasting colors. Some shingles also include algae-resistant granules to prevent discoloration from blue-green algae. Manufacturers also use special reflective granules to boost heat reflection, which some regions require to meet specific building codes.
4. Sealant
To bond shingles on the roof, thermally-activated asphalt sealant is applied in specific spots. Depending on the type, the sealant may be on the top or bottom of the shingle. Manufacturers apply laminate during production to bond the layers of multi-layer laminated shingles, which are widely used today. The top layer, known as the “dragon tooth” due to its unique shape, sits above the bottom layer, called the “shim.” These asphalt adhesives activate at specific temperatures, ensuring strong bonds during installation and providing resistance to wind and other roof stresses.
Since the asphalt coating on roofing shingles is naturally sticky, manufacturers cover the underside to prevent it from sticking to rolls or other shingles during packaging. The roofing industry refers to this protective layer as back surfacing. If you examine the back of an asphalt shingle, you’ll notice a fine mineral powder applied for this purpose. Manufacturers typically use finely ground limestone or sand to create this powder, which effectively prevents shingles from sticking together and makes them easier to handle during production and installation.
5. Release Film
The last component of asphalt roofing shingles often confuses amateur roofers. As mentioned, small spots of asphalt sealant bond shingles together with sufficient solar heat. What stops the sealant from activating too early when storing shingle bundles in hot warehouses or outdoors during summer? That’s where the “release film” comes in. This shiny plastic strip, about an inch wide, is located on the back of the shingles. Its sole purpose is to prevent sticking during packaging. Once installed, the film stays on the shingle and serves no function. Contrary to some misconceptions, peeling it off is unnecessary for proper shingle adhesion.
Although asphalt roofing shingles consist of a few key raw materials, each plays a crucial role. Manufacturers carefully choose, process, and engineer these materials to work together, creating a roofing product that delivers exceptional value for its weight. This combination makes asphalt shingles one of the most cost-effective and reliable options available in the market.
Conclusion
In conclusion, asphalt shingles remain a top choice for roofing due to their durability, cost-effectiveness, and efficient design. Composed of essential raw materials like fiberglass mats, asphalt, and mineral granules, each component plays a critical role in providing protection and longevity to homes. The manufacturing process ensures these materials work in harmony, creating a product that withstands various weather conditions. Additionally, advancements such as algae-resistant granules and reflective coatings further enhance performance. Whether for residential or commercial use, asphalt shingles continue to lead the market as a reliable, value-driven roofing solution worldwide.
FAQs: What Are Shingles Made Of?
1. What materials do manufacturers use to make asphalt shingles?
Manufacturers use a fiberglass or organic mat, coat it with asphalt for waterproofing, and top it with mineral granules for added durability.
2. How does fiberglass strengthen shingles?
Fiberglass strengthens shingles by reinforcing them, helping them withstand harsh weather and providing long-lasting durability.
3. What do mineral granules do in shingle construction?
Mineral granules protect shingles from UV rays, add color, and enhance weather resistance, making the roof more durable.
4. Why do manufacturers use asphalt in shingles, and how do they process it?
Manufacturers use asphalt for its waterproofing properties. They process it through oxidation to increase its toughness and durability for roofing.
5. What benefits do asphalt shingles offer compared to other materials?
Asphalt roofs offer a cost-effective, durable, and versatile roofing option, making them popular with homeowners for their affordability and performance.
